Control System Notes For Gate Pdf Download: A Step-by-Step Approach

The usage of TENS activates the pain gate mechanism to inhibit pain signals going up to the brain, and thus reduces the sensation of pain. Similar to as described above, the TENS activates non-noxious afferent fibers, which in turn activates the 'pain-inhibiting' interneurons in the spinal cord, and thus minimizes/reduces perceived pain as an output. This is because TENS can activate A-β fibers, which helps facilitate the gate control mechanism. [2] The activation of the A-β fibers will inhibit the input from the noxious A-δ and C fibers. [4]

Massage therapy also makes use of the gate control theory to reduce and inhibit pain, with the same reasoning of activating large diameter A-β nerve fibers. This can be beneficial to many types of patients, and help with improving high blood pressure, sleep, relaxation, depression, stiffness, emotional well-being, recovery time, and many other conditions. Cardiac patients may benefit from massage to various painful body parts, which would help them minimize or eliminate the use of pharmaceuticals, and from experiencing possible side effects. [7]

Control System Notes For Gate Pdf Download

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So, switches are a part of the control system and without it, control operation cannot be achieved. A switch can perform two functions, namely fully ON (by closing its contacts) or fully OFF (by opening its contacts).

It is a voltage controlled device i.e., by controlling the input (gate to source) voltage, resistance between the drain and source is controlled, which further determines the ON and OFF state of the device.

A Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is one of the most widely used high speed switching device for power control applications. It is a unidirectional device as a diode, consisting of three terminals, namely anode, cathode and gate.

An SCR is turned ON and OFF by controlling its gate input and biasing conditions of the anode and cathode terminals. SCR consists of four layers of alternate P and N layers such that boundaries of each layer forms junctions J1, J2 and J3.

Its capability to control AC power in both positive and negative peaks of the voltage waveform often makes these devices to be used in motor speed controllers, light dimmers, pressure control systems, motor drives and other AC control equipment.

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